2.3 ลดจากประโยค Adverb Clause สำหรับ Adverb Clause ที่ลดลงเป็น Participle นั้นมีดังต่อไปนี้

2.3.1 Adverb Clause of Time (อนุประโยคบอกเวลา)
อนุประโยคบอกเวลาที่นำด้วยต่อเชื่อมต่อไปนี้ when, while, since, before,
after สามารถลดลงเป็น Participle ได้ เช่น
-When he was asked about his plan, he didn’t answer.
-While she was crossing the road, she was hit by a car.
-He has never come here since he became a leader.
-After he had finished reading, he started to work.
-A man was seen while he was entering the house.
อนุประโยคที่นำด้วยคำเชื่อมเหล่านี้ สามารถลดลงเป็น Participle ได้ดังนี้
-Asked about his plan, he didn’t answer.
-Crossing the road, she was hit by a car.
-He has never come here since becoming a leader.
-Having finished reading, he started to work.
-A man was seen entering the house.

2.3.2 Adverb Clause of Cause (อนุประโยคบอกเหตุ)
อนุประโยคที่นำด้วยคำเชื่อมบอกเหตุ คือ because, as, since สามารถสร้างเป็น
Participle Phrase ได้ เช่น
-Because he was ill, he could not attend class.
-Since it is rare, it is very expensive.
-As we are students, we should study harder.
-Because I didn’t know the news, I didn’t come last week.
อนุประโยคที่นำด้วยคำเชื่อมเหล่านี้ สามารถเปลี่ยนเป็น Participle Phrase ได้ดังนี้
-Being ill, he could not attend class.
-Being rare, it is very expensive.
-Being students, we should study harder.
-Not knowing the news, I didn’t come last week.

2.3.3 Adverb Clause of Condition (อนุประโยคบอกเงื่อนไข) อนุประโยคชนิดนี้นำด้วย if สามารถเปลี่ยนเป็น Participle Phrase ได้เช่น
-If you work like this, you will fail in the exams.
-If she does not finish her work, she cannot come today.
-If he is asked about his wife, he can say nothing.
-You will get nothing from him if you treat him like that.
ประโยคเหล่านี้ลดอนุประโยคเป็น Participle Phrase ได้ดังนี้
-Working like this, you will fail in the exams.
-Not finishing her work, she cannot come today.
-Asked about his wife, he can say nothing.
-You will get nothing from him, treating him like that.

2.3.4 Adverb Clause of Contrast or Concession
(อนุประโยคบอกความตรงกันข้าม) อนุประโยคชนิดนี้นำด้วยคำเชื่อมคือ though,
although, even though คือ
-Though he is poor, he is honest.
-Though he will be given all the wealth, he cannot be successful in life.
-Even though some people do not fear death, they still fear pain and torture.
-Although she was not invited, she could take part in the meeting. 
ประโยคเหล่านี้ สามารถลดลงเป็น Participle Phrase ได้ดังนี้
-Being poor, he is honest.
-Given all the wealth, he cannot be successful in life.
-Not fearing death, they still fear pain and torture.
-Not invited, she could take part in the meeting.    

2.3.5 Adverb Clause of Manner (บอกอาการ) อนุประโยคชนิดนี้นำด้วยคำเชื่อม as เช่น
-This is very helpful as it is mentioned in his work.
-He tries to do as he did it before.
-We must follow the rule as it is said in the previous chapter.
อนุประโยคลดลงเป็น Participle Phrase ได้ดังนี้
-This is very helpful as mentioned in his work.
-He tries to do as doing it before.
-We must follow the rule as said in the previous chapter.

2.3.6 Adverb Clause of Purpose (อนุประโยคบอกจุดมุ่งหมาย) นำหน้าด้วยคำเชื่อม คือ so that เช่น
-He kept me so that I would wait for him for an hour.
-He had left nothing so that it would be done.
-I want my work so that it will be checked by him.
-She took two hours so that she would go to her office.
-He wants me so that I will clean the room.
อนุประโยคสามารถสร้างเป็น Participle Phrase ได้ดังนี้
-He kept me waiting for him for an hour.
-He had left nothing done.
-I want my work checked by him.
-She took two hours going to her office.
-He wants me cleaning the room.